TURN-TB (Trace Ultra Result iNsight in TB screening) is a case-control study that aims to compare baseline Xpert® MTB/RIF Ultra (“Ultra”) assay “trace-positive” individuals to positive and negative controls and includes a longitudinal cohort study with TB-negative controls. Partly in coordination with the STOMP-TB study, the study conducts community-based TB screening as well as recruitment from local facilities, and enrolls participants with trace-positive results for an extensive baseline clinical and laboratory evaluation.